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Giovanni De'Medici |
d. 1429 |
merchant and banker of Florence, founder of the dynasty; considered one of the world's first modern men |
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Cosimo De'Medici |
1389-1464 |
son of Giovanni who used the family fortune to fill the vacuum of power created by the lack of national monarchy |
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Filippo Burnelleschi |
1377-1446 |
studied ancient Roman buildings and built cathedrals |
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Leon Battista Alberti |
1404-1472 |
studied ancient Roman buildings and built cathedrals |
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Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455) |
1378-1455 |
sculpted bronze doors |
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Massaccio |
1401-1428 |
light and shadow and nude figures and illusion of perspective |
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Sandro Botticelli |
1444-1510 |
painted themes from classical mythology |
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Raphael |
1483-1520 |
considered one of greatest painters who epitomize Renaissance style |
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Leonardo Da Vinci |
1452-1519 |
"Renaissance" man who was sculptor, architect, engineer, writer, scientists |
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Michelangelao Buonarroti |
1475-1564 |
sculptor who sculpted such as P{ieta, considered as most perfect marble carving |
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Petrarch |
d. 1374 |
first "modern" writer, writing sonnets and human condition |
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Boccacio |
1313-1375 |
wrote Decameron - entertaining tales that reflected upon human condition |
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Bruni |
chancellor of Florence Republic, wrote first modern history |
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Baldassare Castiglione |
1478-1529 |
manual for manners of modern gentleman, Book of the Courtier |
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Niccolo Machiavelli |
1469-1527 |
wrote The Prince in 1511 as the first political science work and explained how governments rule without moral judgement or exhortation; "the end justifies the mean" |
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Gutenburg |
d. 1468 |
invented first type printing press in 1450 |
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Regiomontanus (Johann Muller) |
1436-1476 |
laid foundations of mathematics |
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Nicholas of Cusa |
1401-1464 |
laid foundations of mathematics |
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Behaim and Schoner |
developed era's most accurate maps |
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Copernicus |
1473-1573 |
upset time honored geocentric view and calculated sun-centered universe |
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Meister Eckhart |
d. 1327 |
mystic |
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Thomas à Kempis |
1471 |
wrote Imitation of Christ - pursued religious depth |
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Gerard Groote |
Dutch lay preacher who organized Brothers of the Common Life and stressed virtues rather than doctrine |
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Desiderius Erasmus |
1456-1536 |
Christian humanism, wrote The Praise of Folly and Handbook of Christian Knight - wrote Greek and Latin edition of bible, powerful writings |
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William Shakespeare |
influence of dramatists in Italian Renaissance; set the standard for English language |
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Sir Thomas More |
wrote Utopia about a perfect society - beheaded for not supporting king against pope |
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Rabelais |
1494-1553 |
priest and classicist who attacked fallings of French society |
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Montaigne |
1533-1592 |
penned Essays of open-mindedness |
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Miguel de Cervantes |
1547-1616 |
chivalry and wrote Don Quixote |